Ideas & Topics

Magnetism is caused by the motion of electrical charges (electrons) in an atom. Each electron acts as a microscopic magnet. In Iron, Cobalt and Nickel these electrons spin in the same direction which makes these atoms strongly magnetic. (National Geographic Society, see under ‘Magnetism’).

Sound can be embedded in a magnetic tape, is this why houses could contain the lives of previous residents in the atomic structure of their walls?

Does the electron spin in an atom cause an atom to have the properties of a magnetic tape?.

Can you generate ‘a magnetic repulsion force’ which, for example, could split water into Oxygen and Hydrogen? You would need to ionise the water atoms so that there exists a repulsion between the two types of atoms and not an attraction.

Note that a Maglev train levitates above a rail tract based on a magnetic – repulsion force between the track and the undercarriage of the train.

Rectennas are receiving Antennas that convert electromagnetic waves into electricity. An Infra-red Rectenna is an optical Rectenna which picks up IR light. Rectennas are made out of conductive metals such as copper and aluminium (and graphene) and these conductive materials can be embedded in the framework of the body of the car. As the car is driven (or standing still), the battery is recharged.

The fridge is built as a ‘thermoelectric generator’ made from 2 types of semi-conductor placed end-to-end. ‘N’ and ‘P’ doped material with a low thermal conductivity will express an inbuilt temperature gradient. When heat is applied to one end (from a hot summer’s day) the other side stays cold, this temperature gradient generates electricity which keeps the process ongoing. (Research the Seebeck effect’). Also see Wikipedia: ‘Thermoelectric Generators’.

SEQAD is a computer programme which automatically assembles from nucleotides the building blocks of DNA and RNA.  Gene sequences could in theory, in a petri dish, build their own outer biological skins to form a cell, given the right conditions. These artificial cells could be given specific and intricate functions within the human body.

See “DNA-BOT, a low-cost automated DNA assembly platform for synthetic biology”, Marko Storch, Matthew C Haines, Geoff S Baldwin, Synthetic Biology Vol5 Issue 1, 09 July 2020.

In the first instance, can an electromagnetic field form an atom? It is understood that an electromagnetic field can be non-uniform in that it contains a superposition of quantised energy levels. Electric and Magnetic vectors are spaced according to their strength and direction. These energy levels when added together give the electronic profile of the EM field.

In the atom similarly, each quantised energy state, including ‘ground’ state and ‘excited’ state exists as part of a superposition of all of the energy states. It is this superposition which gives the atom its’ physical properties.

What would it take for an electromagnetic field to generate atoms? For ‘energy’ to become ‘atomic matter’? What is the significance of the gravitational force, does it ‘bend’ the field into atomic units?

Is this why the Higgs Boson field is able to transform energy into particle (atomic) matter?

Crystals are solids in which constituent atoms, molecules or ions are packed into a regularly ordered repeating pattern of building blocks. The smallest repeating structure of a solid is called a unit cell and unit cells combine to form a network called a Crystal Lattice. Lattices can be composed of one, two, three, four and more numbered-component designs depending on the different types of atoms used. Graphite, for example, is a one-component design using carbon atoms which forms 2-D sheets. Each carbon atom within the sheet is bonded to three other carbon atoms to form a hexagonal structure which can be ‘tiled’, i.e., laid out flat. Given this example, other types of crystal structures can be created and the question to be asked is; when these become liquid but keep their unit cell integrity, how is the composition and dynamics of ‘flow’ determined by the unit cell structures?

It has been shown that ‘flow’ can be manipulated by nozzle shape …. ‘when a jet of liquid drops from a non-circular nozzle it can form a wave of broad flattened and evenly spaced sections of liquid that are alternately oriented at 90 degrees to each other’, (‘Flowing liquid ‘chains’ best described by Niels Bohr, not Lord Rayleigh’, Sam Jarman, Physics World Vol 35 No12 December 2022, p8). This being the case the atomic structure of liquid should also influence the dynamics and composition of flow. Research also the composite ‘flow’ of a rocket propulsion system.

If in Photoelectric effect (Einstein), electrons are stripped from metals as a result of electromagnetic radiation, then if the metal being stripped is radioactive, how would this effect decay emission?

Research for explanation of photoelectric effect.  Research for explanation that radioactive decay involves emission of protons dependent on quantised energy levels of the metallic atom. Consider a conclusion that the stripping of electrons effects the energy quantization within the atom.

The difference between Qubits and Bits on an electronic circuit is that Qubits are formed by ‘superposition’; one State’ is the result of two different transmissions. In theory this makes quantum computers faster but decoherence causes a ‘State’ to collapse into only one of the transmissions. One way to stop this collapse would be to construct the transmission full-fibre as a channel with structurally inbuilt ‘Not’ logic gates.  Given two separate transmission streams, then as each pass through a ’Not’ logic gate their structural integrity is kept intact at each even-spaced gate and their mirror image is kept intact at each odd-spaced gate.

If hot plasma can be contained within an electromagnetic field (Physics World, Vol 35 No4 April 2022 p6) then water can be also contained using this method.

The composite material of the hull is a piezoelectric material which when mechanical stress is applied to it (using the kinetic energy of water) then electricity is produced.

Piezoelectric devices span a range of electronic uses (see www.electronicdesign.com ) also search for piezoelectric materials (Wikipedia).

This technique could also be used in the construction of Hulls for long distance space flights whereby the Motion of the spacecraft as it travels forward produces the kinetic energy force on the Hull needed to generate  electricity.

Coding produces a ‘network’, a directed graph, the ‘weighted links of which are mathematical logical statements which lead into and from each other. ‘Hypothesis’ statements can be inserted into the network to discover if a ‘Hypothesis’ can be ‘proved’ to be logically correct.