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  • In the human Genome, bacteria and viruses are embedded. What is the significance of this?

In the human Genome, bacteria and viruses are embedded. What is the significance of this?

Was this initially a defence mechanism of the body, a form of symbiotic relationship where the embedded bacteria/viruses confer an advantage to the human host?

In plants, Cyanobacteria genes embedded in the plant genome are important in the plant’s water-glucose pathway. Do the embedded bacteria use the plant transcription process or their own in order to keep themselves alive? In Eukaryotic cells it has been shown that incorporated bacterial DNA can produce Mitochondria, the power generators of the cell. (The Times newspaper, ‘Eukaryotic cell incorporates bacterial DNA to produce Mitochondria’ January 16th 2020).

Do any viruses or bacteria which are incorporated in the human genome confer any advantages?

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30/05/2022 | Biological Science

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Artificial biological cells.

SEQAD is a computer programme which automatically assembles from nucleotides the building blocks of DNA and RNA.  Gene sequences could in theory, in a petri dish, build their own outer biological skins to form a cell, given the right conditions. These artificial cells could be given specific and intricate functions within the human body.

See “DNA-BOT, a low-cost automated DNA assembly platform for synthetic biology”, Marko Storch, Matthew C Haines, Geoff S Baldwin, Synthetic Biology Vol5 Issue 1, 09 July 2020.

Exploring the presence of homeomorphisms between gene mutations.

Can ‘mutations’ be engineered along natural gene fault lines for human evolutionary advantage?

Are there specific sites in the gene sequence which are natural fault lines which allow mutations to occur?

Is not ‘mutation’ an important mechanism to ensure the survival of each species in terms of a changing environment?

Can a pathway sequence of potential mutations be determined from a ‘first’ gene sequence?

To continue with research on ‘medication in the form of electrical signals’.

Converting a biological compound into an electrical signal… would the body recognise an electrical signal of a medication? i.e., signal algorithms to manufacture chemical profiles. In Absorption Spectroscopy when radiation hits a sample, the electric field of the electromagnetic radiation interacts with atoms in the sample. There is therefore a direct correlation as to how a radiation signal intersects with the sample. In Pharmacokinetics, it is possible to analyse how biological cells metabolise medication using a Spectrometer (which analyses wavelengths and frequencies) on a sample taken at different time points in the delivery of the medication. Chemical medication therefore has a specific wavelength/frequency profile.

See ‘Macroscopic chemical to electrical signal converter in microbial communities’, M Garcia-Navallete et al, bioRxiv Jan 20, 2022.

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