Biological Science

SEQAD is a computer programme which automatically assembles from nucleotides the building blocks of DNA and RNA.  Gene sequences could in theory, in a petri dish, build their own outer biological skins to form a cell, given the right conditions. These artificial cells could be given specific and intricate functions within the human body.

See “DNA-BOT, a low-cost automated DNA assembly platform for synthetic biology”, Marko Storch, Matthew C Haines, Geoff S Baldwin, Synthetic Biology Vol5 Issue 1, 09 July 2020.

Can ‘mutations’ be engineered along natural gene fault lines for human evolutionary advantage?

Are there specific sites in the gene sequence which are natural fault lines which allow mutations to occur?

Is not ‘mutation’ an important mechanism to ensure the survival of each species in terms of a changing environment?

Can a pathway sequence of potential mutations be determined from a ‘first’ gene sequence?

Converting a biological compound into an electrical signal… would the body recognise an electrical signal of a medication? i.e., signal algorithms to manufacture chemical profiles. In Absorption Spectroscopy when radiation hits a sample, the electric field of the electromagnetic radiation interacts with atoms in the sample. There is therefore a direct correlation as to how a radiation signal intersects with the sample. In Pharmacokinetics, it is possible to analyse how biological cells metabolise medication using a Spectrometer (which analyses wavelengths and frequencies) on a sample taken at different time points in the delivery of the medication. Chemical medication therefore has a specific wavelength/frequency profile.

See ‘Macroscopic chemical to electrical signal converter in microbial communities’, M Garcia-Navallete et al, bioRxiv Jan 20, 2022.

The property of an element to exist in more than one form. To confer new properties onto a known chemical structure by virtue of its’ new form. Could this be used to construct new binding sites to side-step bacterial resistance to antibiotics? i.e., to create structural polymorphisms… as in ‘Topology’.

Inflammation can be modulated and Stem Cell proliferation increased using an EM field (generated by an electric current) to increase the healing rate of wounds. This is significant.

‘Wound Repair and extremely low frequency Electromagnetic field: Insight from In Vitro study and potential clinical application’, Giulio Gualdi et al, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021 May.

Are there specific wavelengths which breakdown bacterial walls?

Topology is called ‘rubber-sheet Geometry’ because a shape can be changed to another shape by bending, stretching, twisting or squishing etc. This is the same as taking a lump of clay with or without holes in it and turning it into any shape which does not involve tearing the clay or closing existing holes. See explanation of ‘Topology’ on Wikipedia.

Blood cells carry oxygen due to their Haemoglobin (a folded protein). Can re-folding the protein using topological principles cause the blood cells to be more efficient in the amount of oxygen they can carry?

Another reference: ‘DNA topological shapes’, Physics World March 2021.

This being the case, Set theory would apply to multiple Groups. In Set theory each type of immune responsive cell would be a member of a particular Set. It is also the case that members of one Set can be in a subset of another Set and that there exists a relationship between Sets of Unions, Intersections, Set Differences, Symmetric differences and Ordered Pairs.

Does this describe the relationship between different types of immune responsive cells? Would this method of description bring something new to understanding the relationship between different types of cells.?

When evolution occurs, and this is profound for the Organism, what happens to the old genes? Is evolution a result of mutation of existing genes or is it due to the re-combination of genes inherited from each parent to the offspring? If re-combination is the case it means that the genes themselves remain in their existing state and the ‘variability’ is in the product of the re-combination.?

What is interesting is that evolution works to confer an advantage for the Organism, for example, a longer beak, a sharper claw, a better focus for the eye. Therefore does this advantage predetermine the ‘variability’ of the gene recombination, (what the evolution will look like). This would mean an unconscious bias towards ‘what is of the most help’. What does happen to the genes when a creature evolves into another new form? Since these new traits are then passed down to their own offspring?

‘Self-Assembly’ is a pattern formation, (Book, ‘Digital Biology, Peter J Bentley 2001). Self-Assembly could be used in repairing broken bones. It is also the case that medication could be assembled in the body using components already existing in the body?

Can the use of Isotopes (radioactive clocks) sitting on genes or transcription factors regulate the amount of hormones or enzymes produced?. i.e., The Isotope turns on and off the gene transcription.

Can genes be ‘substituted’ in the genome, either fixed, glued or stitched on top of the gene to be replaced, so they are transcribed instead of genes that do not work for the person? Is the positioning of a gene in the genome as important as the sequences which make up its’ base?